Welch

This keyword specifies a Welch potential[36,37] of the form

$$\begin{eqnarray*} E &= \sum_{i<j}\Bigg[ {\displaystyle q_i q_j\over\displaystyle... ...+\sum_i {\displaystyle \mu_i^2\over\displaystyle 2\alpha_i}, \\ \end{eqnarray*}$$

where

$${\bf r}_{ij}^{\rm eff}={\bf r}_{ij}+{{\bf\mu}_i\over Q_i}-{{\... ... r_{ij}^{\rm eff}=\left\vert{\bf r}_{ij}^{\rm eff}\right\vert.$$

Welch parameters in atomic units should be entered after the Welch keyword in the order $A_{++}$, $A_{--}$, $A_{+-}$, $\rho$, $Q_+$, $Q_-$, $\alpha_+$, $\alpha_-$. The ions are then specified using atom types PL and MI for plus and minus, respectively, and can be in any order. There need not be equal numbers of positive and negative ions.